Photobiomodulation Does Not Increase Mitochondrial Respiration in Skeletal Muscle or Skin Tissue in Humans
Aussieker et al., Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2026. PMID 42658804
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About the research on this page. The studies cited here investigate photobiomodulation (PBM) as a therapeutic modality and the specific wavelengths used in PBM research — not Mito Red Light devices. The wavelengths in our panels were chosen because the peer-reviewed PBM literature supports them. Evidence levels and study counts reflect the broader research base, not studies of our products. See the full methodology note at the bottom of this page.
The main proposed mechanism of light therapy is that red and near-infrared light is absorbed by cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria, raising cellular energy production. That mechanism is well supported in cell and animal studies, but direct human evidence is limited and mixed. In healthy adults, near-infrared lasers at 800, 850 and 1064 nm and an 810 nm LED increased oxidized cytochrome c oxidase and blood oxygenation in the forearm compared with sham (Pruitt 2022). In healthy adults, 15 minutes of 670 nm light reduced the rise in blood sugar after a glucose drink, consistent with higher energy demand (Powner 2024).
However, a 2026 randomized trial that took tissue biopsies found that a single session did not increase mitochondrial respiration in human skin or muscle (Aussieker 2026). Human research on abdominal light and the gut-brain axis is still small and early (Guimarães 2025).
Based on 635 indexed studies in this category, 15 of them in people. These studies test photobiomodulation in general, not Mito Red Light devices.
The strongest human evidence: systematic reviews and meta-analyses first, then the newest randomized trials. Each card comes straight from our study database and links to the paper.
Aussieker et al., Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2026. PMID 42658804
Pruitt et al., Metabolites, 2022. PMID 35208178
Powner & Jeffery et al., J Biophotonics, 2024. PMID 38378043
Guimarães et al., Biomedicines, 2025. PMID 41463053
Not every trial is positive. "No effect" means the main outcome did not differ from sham or control. "Mixed" means some outcomes improved but the outcome named here did not differ.
| Year | Study | Design | Result | Outcome with no difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | Photobiomodulation Does Not Increase Mitochondrial Respiration in Skeletal Muscle or Skin Tissue in Humans | RCT, n = 12 | No effect | Mitochondrial respiration in human skin and muscle after one session |
The 10 most recent human studies in our database for this category.
The leading explanation is that red and near-infrared light is absorbed by cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria. In healthy adults, near-infrared light increased oxidized cytochrome c oxidase in the forearm versus sham (Pruitt 2022).
Evidence is mixed. A 2026 randomized trial with biopsies found one session did not increase mitochondrial respiration in human skin or muscle (Aussieker 2026).
All 635 studies in this category from our study database, built on the PBM Research Database by Vladimir Heiskanen.
Search every study across all categories: Open the Full Evidence Explorer →
The published research indexed and referenced on this page studies photobiomodulation (PBM) as a therapeutic modality and the specific wavelengths used in those studies — not Mito Red Light devices specifically. The wavelengths used across our panels were chosen because the peer-reviewed PBM literature supports them: this is where published evidence is deepest, where dosing parameters have been characterized in human studies, and where clinical guidelines (such as WALT for inflammation and pain) exist. Mito Red Light has not funded or conducted registered clinical trials on our specific devices, and the study counts referenced here reflect the broader PBM research base — not studies of our products.
Where review authors graded certainty (for example with GRADE), we report their grade; other ratings are Mito’s summary. Study counts reflect peer-reviewed photobiomodulation research drawn from major scientific literature databases, peer-reviewed journals, and other published research repositories. PBM response varies meaningfully by person, tissue, condition, dose, wavelength, and session timing; outcomes reported in the published literature may not be replicable for every user. Mito Red Light devices are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. If you have a medical condition or are under a physician’s care, please consult your healthcare provider before beginning any photobiomodulation regimen.