About the research on this page. The studies cited here investigate photobiomodulation (PBM) as a therapeutic modality and the specific wavelengths used in PBM research — not Mito Red Light devices. The wavelengths in our panels were chosen because the peer-reviewed PBM literature supports them. Evidence levels and study counts reflect the broader research base, not studies of our products. See the full methodology note at the bottom of this page.

Red Light Therapy for Inflammation & Pain: Clinical Evidence & Research

550 StudiesPhotobiomodulation (PBM) Source-linked

What the research shows

Our evidence rating: Moderate for neck pain and tendinopathy; mixed for plantar fasciitis and fibromyalgiaUpdated Reviewed by Alexis Cowan, PhD

Randomized trials show that low-level laser and LED therapy can reduce pain in several musculoskeletal conditions, with the strongest pooled evidence for neck pain and chronic tendinopathy. A Lancet meta-analysis of 16 trials (820 patients) found pain relief in both acute and chronic neck pain that lasted up to 22 weeks after treatment, with side effects no different from placebo (Chow 2009). A 2025 meta-analysis found more short-term pain relief than minimal intervention in chronic tendinopathy, with more sessions linked to more relief (Yap 2025). A 2026 review of 14 trials in chronic pain reported pain reduction in most trials, especially in fibromyalgia and neuropathy, with few side effects (Ferreira 2026).

Results are not uniform. In plantar fasciitis, a 2026 meta-analysis of 13 trials found less heel tenderness but no consistent improvement in overall pain or function (Ortiz-Romero 2026). For fibromyalgia, adding light to exercise showed no added benefit in a 2026 meta-analysis rated very low certainty (Macena 2026). In a 2025 network meta-analysis of 34 neck pain trials, low-level laser ranked below high-intensity laser, shockwave, interferential current and TENS (Hao 2025).

Based on 550 indexed studies in this category, 308 of them in people. These studies test photobiomodulation in general, not Mito Red Light devices.

Evidence by condition

Number of studies in our database for each condition. Direction and certainty are shown only where a meta-analysis or systematic review reports them; otherwise the row says "not graded".

ConditionHuman randomized trialsAll human studiesDirection of resultsCertainty
Back pain 41 54 Not graded Not graded
Shoulder 30 37 Not graded Not graded
Myofascial 25 34 Not graded Not graded
Fibromyalgia 24 26 No added benefit with exercise
Macena 2026 (PMID 42643493)
Very low (GRADE)
Heel pain 14 21 Less heel tenderness; no overall pain benefit
Ortiz-Romero 2026 (PMID 41682989)
Not graded by authors
Neck 16 18 Pain relief in acute and chronic neck pain
Chow 2009 (PMID 19913903)
Not graded by authors (16 RCTs, 820 patients)
Pain 6 13 Not graded Not graded
Headache & Migraine 6 11 Not graded Not graded
Trigeminal neuralgia 8 10 Not graded Not graded
Multiple sites 2 9 Not graded Not graded
Surgical 7 7 Not graded Not graded
Musculoskeletal 1 6 Not graded Not graded
Pelvic 2 6 Not graded Not graded
Knee pain 5 5 Not graded Not graded
Foot 0 3 Not graded Not graded

Key studies: Inflammation & Pain

The strongest human evidence: systematic reviews and meta-analyses first, then the newest randomized trials. Each card comes straight from our study database and links to the paper.

Systematic review

Photobiomodulation in chronic pain: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials

et al., Front Integr Neurosci, 2026. PMID 41710353

Key finding (checked against the abstract)14 randomized trials in chronic pain (fibromyalgia, neuropathy, orofacial and musculoskeletal pain). Most showed significant pain reduction; adverse events were rare. Varied parameters limit firm recommendations.
Meta-analysis

Comparative effectiveness of six biophysical agents on neck pain rehabilitation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

et al., Eur Spine J, 2025. PMID 40244434

Key finding (checked against the abstract)Network meta-analysis of 34 randomized trials (2,141 patients) with neck pain. Ranked by effect on pain: high-intensity laser, shockwave, interferential current, TENS, low-level laser, ultrasound.
Population
Human
Meta-analysis

Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo or active-treatment controlled trials.

et al., Lancet, 2009. PMID 19913903

Key finding (checked against the abstract)16 randomized trials, 820 patients. Low-level laser reduced pain in acute and chronic neck pain (about 19.9 mm on a 100 mm scale), and relief lasted up to 22 weeks. Side effects were mild and similar to placebo.
Meta-analysis

Effect of Local Laser Therapy on Plantar Fasciitis: A Meta-Analysis

et al., J Clin Med, 2026. PMID 41682989

Key finding (checked against the abstract)13 trials, 784 participants with plantar fasciitis. Less heel tenderness (SMD -0.40), but no significant difference in overall pain, function or fascia thickness.
Meta-analysis

Efficacy of photobiomodulation associated with exercise in patients with fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al., Br J Pain, 2026. PMID 42643493

Key finding (checked against the abstract)Fibromyalgia: adding light to exercise produced no significant difference in pain, function, depression or quality of life compared with exercise alone. Very low certainty (GRADE).
Population
Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis

Shedding more light on the short-term effect of low-level laser therapy on pain in tendinopathy: A systematic review with meta-analysis

et al., J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 2025. PMID 40437920

Key finding (checked against the abstract)15 randomized trials in chronic tendinopathy. More pain relief than minimal intervention (SMD -0.57). More total sessions predicted more relief.
Meta-analysis

Optimal Laser Phototherapy Parameters for Pain Relief.

et al., Photomed Laser Surg, 2018. PMID 29583080

Key finding (checked against the abstract)96 studies, 232 effect sizes. Large average pain relief (d = 1.36). Total energy was the parameter most strongly related to pain relief.

Studies that found no effect

Not every trial is positive. "No effect" means the main outcome did not differ from sham or control. "Mixed" means some outcomes improved but the outcome named here did not differ.

YearStudyDesignResultOutcome with no difference
2026 Efficacy of photobiomodulation associated with exercise in patients with fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis Meta-analysis No effect Pain, function and quality of life when added to exercise (fibromyalgia)
2026 Effect of photobiomodulation on trapezius myofascial pain: a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind clinical trial RCT, n = 52 No effect Pain (primary outcome) versus placebo; neck function improved
2026 Efficacy of low-level laser therapy for subacromial impingement syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Meta-analysis Mixed Shoulder functional disability (pain and range of motion improved)

Latest human studies: Inflammation & Pain

The 25 most recent human studies in our database for this category.

YearStudyDesignPopulation
2026 Comparison of low-level laser therapy and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation for chronic non-specific neck pain: A randomized controlled trial. RCT, n = 75 Human: 75 participants
2026 Dual-Wavelength Super-Pulsed Diode Laser (810 and 980 nm) for Mucocele Excision in the Lower Lip: Case Report. Case report Human
2026 Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy associated with multimodal therapeutic intervention program versus multimodal therapeutic intervention program in chronic non-specific neck pain: A randomized controlled trial RCT, n = 62 Human: Randomized trial; 62 participants
2026 Feasibility and Patient-Reported Outcomes of Full-Body Red and Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation for Musculoskeletal Pain in a Predominantly Hispanic/Latino Population: A Single-Arm Pilot Study Single-arm study, n = 40 Human: Single arm study; 40 participants
2026 Resolution of painful refractory soft palate mucoceles following post-surgical onset of satellite lesions: a rare three-year course. Case report Human
2026 High-intensity versus low-intensity laser acupuncture in chronic, non-specific low back pain: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial RCT, n = 60 Human: Randomized trial, double-bilnd; 60 participants
2026 Effect of photobiomodulation on trapezius myofascial pain: a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind clinical trial RCT, n = 52 Human: Randomized trial, double-blind; 52 participants
2026 Photobiomodulation with Structured Rehabilitation Improves Mechanical Function and Functional Aging in Degenerative Musculoskeletal Disease: A Controlled Cohort Study Human study, n = 216 Human: Prospective controlled cohort study; 216 participants
2026 Comparing the effect of photobiostimulation, pressure and topical anesthetic gel on reducing pain during maxillary infiltration injection: a clinical trial study. RCT Human
2026 Comparative effects of low-level laser acupuncture and dry needling on clinical and functional outcomes in patients with chronic cervical myofascial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial RCT, n = 100 Human: Comparison study, randomized; 100 participants
2026 Effects of Photobiomodulation by Laser and Mechanical Systems on Low Back Pain: A Longitudinal, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial RCT Human: Randomized trial; (??)
2026 Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of a Noninvasive Device in the Management of Musculoskeletal Pain Using Low-Level Light Therapy: Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicentric Study RCT, n = 240 Human: Randomized trial; 240 participants
2026 Pulsed 830-nm Laser Irradiation Modulates Aδ- and C-Fiber-Mediated Pain Thresholds in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial RCT Human: Randomized trial, sham-controlled; (?)
2026 Diode-laser-assisted biopsy and photobiomodulation therapy in the management of Sjögren's disease: a case report Human study Human: case report
2026 Efficacy of home-based low-level laser therapy in patients with low back pain: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial RCT, n = 30 Human: 30 participants; randomized trial, double-blind; 3 weeks
2026 Efficacy of High-Intensity Laser Therapy Combined With Plantar Fascia Stretching Exercises in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis: Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial RCT, n = 34 Human: 34 participants; randomized trial, double-blind; 3 weeks
2026 Effect of class IV LASER therapy along with Low-dye kinesio-taping technique or plantar fascia stretching on pain, pain pressure threshold, and disability in individuals with plantar fasciitis: Double-blinded randomized clinical trial RCT, n = 50 Human: Comparison study, randomized, double-blind; 50 participants
2026 Effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on pressure pain threshold, functional disability, and plantar pressure among type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals with chronic low back pain Single-arm study, n = 40 Human: 40 participants; single-arm trial
2025 Efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy in managing iatrogenic trigeminal nerve injury: A retrospective case series Human study, n = 76 Human: 76 patients; retrospective study
2025 Invasive laser acupuncture vs. electroacupuncture for non-specific chronic low back pain: protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Human study, n = 90 Human: 90 participants
2025 Single Application of Low-Level or Infrared Laser Therapy Not Effective in the Short Term for Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial RCT, n = 91 Human: 91 participants; randomized trial; single session -> 48-hour follow-up
2025 Multi-wave locked system laser therapy in chronic non-specific neck pain: a double-blind placebo randomized-controlled trial RCT, n = 47 Human: 47 participants; randomized trial, double-blind; ~3-week treatment -> 1-month follow-up
2025 The Efficiency of Combined Capacitive and Resistive Energy Transfer (TECAR) Therapy and Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in Pain Reduction on Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Clinical Study Human study, n = 268 Human: 268 participants; observational
2025 Effects of 36.5 Hz pulsed LASER acupuncture on pain and disease impact in fibromyalgia patients: A pilot randomized clinical trial RCT, n = 20 Human: 20 participants; randomized trial, double-blind; 3 weeks
2025 Adjunctive 810 nm photobiomodulation with pharmacotherapy for trigeminal neuralgia: A randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care centre RCT, n = 40 Human: 40 participants; randomized trial; 3-week treatment / 3-month study

Light parameters used in the trials

Wavelengths reported in our database for the 214 human randomized trials in this category (92 wavelength entries; many database records lack a wavelength, and some trials report more than one). This describes the research; it is not a dosing recommendation.

Wavelength bandTimes used in trials
Near-infrared (800-899 nm)33
Red (600-699 nm)29
Near-infrared (900-1200 nm)17
Deep red/near-infrared (700-799 nm)7
Blue/green (400-599 nm)6

Most common wavelengths: 660-669 nm, 800-809 nm, 980-989 nm, 650-659 nm, 850-859 nm.

What the evidence does not show

  • Better overall pain or function in plantar fasciitis: 13 trials showed less heel tenderness only (Ortiz-Romero 2026, PMID 41682989).
  • Added benefit on top of exercise for fibromyalgia: no significant difference on any outcome, very low certainty (Macena 2026, PMID 42643493).
  • That low-level light beats other physical therapies for neck pain: it ranked fifth of six biophysical agents (Hao 2025, PMID 40244434).
  • A standard protocol: varied parameters and short follow-up still prevent firm recommendations (Ferreira 2026, PMID 41710353).

Frequently asked questions

Does red light therapy help with pain?

For some conditions. Meta-analyses of randomized trials found pain relief for neck pain (Chow 2009) and chronic tendinopathy (Yap 2025). Results for plantar fasciitis and fibromyalgia are mixed or null (Ortiz-Romero 2026; Macena 2026).

Which kinds of pain have the best evidence?

Neck pain has the longest track record: 16 trials pooled in the Lancet showed relief in acute and chronic neck pain (Chow 2009). Chronic tendinopathy is next, with 15 trials pooled in 2025 (Yap 2025).

Does it help fibromyalgia?

A 2026 review of 14 chronic pain trials reported pain reduction in fibromyalgia (Ferreira 2026), but a 2026 meta-analysis found no added benefit when light was combined with exercise, at very low certainty (Macena 2026).

Is it safe?

In the neck pain trials, side effects were mild and no different from placebo (Chow 2009). A 2026 review of chronic pain trials also reported a low rate of adverse events (Ferreira 2026).

Browse All Inflammation & Pain Studies

All 550 studies in this category from our study database, built on the PBM Research Database by Vladimir Heiskanen.

Search every study across all categories: Open the Full Evidence Explorer →

Methodology & important context

The published research indexed and referenced on this page studies photobiomodulation (PBM) as a therapeutic modality and the specific wavelengths used in those studies — not Mito Red Light devices specifically. The wavelengths used across our panels were chosen because the peer-reviewed PBM literature supports them: this is where published evidence is deepest, where dosing parameters have been characterized in human studies, and where clinical guidelines (such as WALT for inflammation and pain) exist. Mito Red Light has not funded or conducted registered clinical trials on our specific devices, and the study counts referenced here reflect the broader PBM research base — not studies of our products.

Where review authors graded certainty (for example with GRADE), we report their grade; other ratings are Mito’s summary. Study counts reflect peer-reviewed photobiomodulation research drawn from major scientific literature databases, peer-reviewed journals, and other published research repositories. PBM response varies meaningfully by person, tissue, condition, dose, wavelength, and session timing; outcomes reported in the published literature may not be replicable for every user. Mito Red Light devices are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. If you have a medical condition or are under a physician’s care, please consult your healthcare provider before beginning any photobiomodulation regimen.