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Biomaterials used in the repair of bone loss can be classified as those obtained from human bone tissue (autologous and allogeneic) and those of animal origin (xenograft). Bone remodeling is mediated primarily by two cell types: the osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The bone repair process is classically divided into three consecutive phases: inflammatory, repair, and remodeling. Bone grafts may be used to improve the repair of bone defects. A procedure called guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been developed from studies using membranes for the regeneration of bone tissue. Several therapeutic techniques are used in clinical practice to accelerate and/or improve bone repair, including the use of coherent or non-coherent light sources. Among these light sources, the chapter highlights the laser light used for low level laser therapy (LLLT). This therapeutic approach has been shown to be effective in the biomodulation of both soft tissue wound healing and the bone repair process.
